fix unittests issues

app/Http/Controllers/Api/Auth/RolePermissionController.php

@@ -245,8 +245,23 @@ class RolePermissionController extends BaseApiController
 
     public function updateRolePermissions(RolePermissionUpdateRequest $request, int $roleId): JsonResponse
     {
+        $payload = $request->validated();
+        $permissions = $payload['permissions'] ?? null;
+        if ($permissions === null && isset($payload['permission_ids'])) {
+            $permissions = [];
+            foreach ((array) $payload['permission_ids'] as $permissionId) {
+                $permissions[(int) $permissionId] = [
+                    'create' => true,
+                    'read' => true,
+                    'update' => true,
+                    'delete' => true,
+                    'manage' => true,
+                ];
+            }
+        }
+
         try {
-            $this->permissionService->saveRolePermissions($roleId, $request->validated()['permissions'] ?? []);
+            $this->permissionService->saveRolePermissions($roleId, $permissions ?? []);
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             Log::error('Role permissions update failed: '.$e->getMessage());
 

app/Http/Controllers/Api/Settings/PreferencesController.php

@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class PreferencesController extends BaseApiController
 
         return $this->success([
             'preferences' => new PreferencesResource($payload['preferences']),
-        ], 'Preferences saved.', $saved->wasRecentlyCreated ? Response::HTTP_CREATED : Response::HTTP_OK);
+        ], 'Preferences saved.');
     }
 
     public function updateForUser(PreferencesUpsertRequest $request, int $userId): JsonResponse
@@ -113,18 +113,18 @@ class PreferencesController extends BaseApiController
 
         return $this->success([
             'preferences' => new PreferencesResource($payload['preferences']),
-        ], 'Preferences saved.', $saved->wasRecentlyCreated ? Response::HTTP_CREATED : Response::HTTP_OK);
+        ], 'Preferences saved.');
     }
 
     public function destroy(int $userId): JsonResponse
     {
         $row = Preferences::query()->where('user_id', $userId)->first();
+        $this->authorize('delete', $row ?? new Preferences(['user_id' => $userId]));
+
         if (! $row) {
             return $this->error('Preferences not found.', Response::HTTP_NOT_FOUND);
         }
 
-        $this->authorize('delete', $row);
-
         try {
             $deleted = $this->commandService->delete($row);
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {

app/Http/Controllers/Api/System/NavBuilderController.php

@@ -79,7 +79,15 @@ class NavBuilderController extends BaseApiController
         $this->authorize('manage', NavItem::class);
 
         try {
-            $this->builderService->reorder($request->validated()['orders']);
+            $payload = $request->validated();
+            $orders = $payload['orders'] ?? [];
+            if ($orders === [] && isset($payload['items'])) {
+                foreach ((array) $payload['items'] as $item) {
+                    $orders[(int) $item['id']] = (int) $item['sort_order'];
+                }
+            }
+
+            $this->builderService->reorder($orders);
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             Log::error('Nav reorder failed: '.$e->getMessage());
 

app/Http/Middleware/EnsureParentProgressAccess.php

@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@ class EnsureParentProgressAccess
             ->map(fn ($name) => strtolower((string) $name))
             ->toArray();
 
-        if (in_array('parent', $roles, true)) {
+        $userType = strtolower(trim((string) ($user->user_type ?? '')));
+
+        if (in_array('parent', $roles, true) || $userType === 'primary') {
             $request->attributes->set('primary_parent_id', (int) $user->id);
 
             return $next($request);
         }
 
-        $userType = strtolower(trim((string) ($user->user_type ?? '')));
         if (in_array($userType, ['secondary', 'tertiary'], true)) {
             /** @var PrimaryParentUserResolver $resolver */
             $resolver = app(PrimaryParentUserResolver::class);

app/Http/Requests/Roles/RolePermissionUpdateRequest.php

@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@ class RolePermissionUpdateRequest extends ApiFormRequest
     public function rules(): array
     {
         return [
-            'permissions' => ['required', 'array'],
+            'permissions' => ['required_without:permission_ids', 'array'],
             'permissions.*' => ['array'],
             'permissions.*.create' => ['nullable', 'boolean'],
             'permissions.*.read' => ['nullable', 'boolean'],
             'permissions.*.update' => ['nullable', 'boolean'],
             'permissions.*.delete' => ['nullable', 'boolean'],
             'permissions.*.manage' => ['nullable', 'boolean'],
+            'permission_ids' => ['required_without:permissions', 'array'],
+            'permission_ids.*' => ['integer', 'exists:permissions,id'],
         ];
     }
 }

app/Http/Requests/System/NavItemReorderRequest.php

@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@ class NavItemReorderRequest extends ApiFormRequest
     public function rules(): array
     {
         return [
-            'orders' => ['required', 'array'],
+            'orders' => ['required_without:items', 'array'],
             'orders.*' => ['integer'],
+            'items' => ['required_without:orders', 'array'],
+            'items.*.id' => ['required_with:items', 'integer', 'min:1'],
+            'items.*.sort_order' => ['required_with:items', 'integer'],
         ];
     }
 }

app/Models/AttendanceData.php

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ class AttendanceData extends BaseModel
         'school_id' => 'integer',
         'student_id' => 'integer',
         'modified_by' => 'integer',
-        'date' => 'datetime', // ✅ DATETIME column
     ];
 
     /* =========================
@@ -57,8 +56,8 @@ class AttendanceData extends BaseModel
     private static function dayRange(string $day): array
     {
         $day = substr($day, 0, 10); // YYYY-MM-DD
-        $start = Carbon::parse($day)->startOfDay();
+        $start = $day;
-        $endEx = Carbon::parse($day)->addDay()->startOfDay(); // exclusive
+        $endEx = Carbon::parse($day)->addDay()->toDateString(); // exclusive
 
         return [$start, $endEx];
     }

app/Models/AttendanceRecord.php

@@ -11,20 +11,7 @@ class AttendanceRecord extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy uses created_at / updated_at
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['class_section_id', 'student_id', 'school_id', 'total_absence', 'total_late', 'total_presence', 'total_attendance', 'semester', 'school_year', 'modified_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'class_section_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'total_absence',
-        'total_late',
-        'total_presence',
-        'total_attendance',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'modified_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'class_section_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/AttendanceTracking.php

@@ -12,17 +12,7 @@ class AttendanceTracking extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'date', 'is_reported', 'reason', 'note', 'is_notified', 'notif_counter', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'date',
-        'is_reported',
-        'reason',
-        'is_notified',
-        'notif_counter',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'note',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/AuthorizedUser.php

@@ -9,20 +9,7 @@ class AuthorizedUser extends BaseModel
     // ✅ auto-manage created_at / updated_at
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'authorized_user_id', 'firstname', 'lastname', 'phone_number', 'gender', 'email', 'relation_to_user', 'token', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'user_id',
-        'authorized_user_id',
-        'firstname',
-        'lastname',
-        'phone_number',
-        'gender',
-        'email',
-        'relation_to_user',
-        'token',
-        'status',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'user_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/BadgePrintLog.php

@@ -13,15 +13,7 @@ class BadgePrintLog extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'printed_by', 'school_year', 'printed_at', 'role', 'class_section_name', 'copies'];
-        'user_id',
-        'printed_by',
-        'school_year',
-        'printed_at',
-        'role',
-        'class_section_name',
-        'copies',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'user_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Calendar.php

@@ -2,4 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
-class Calendar extends CalendarEvent {}
+class Calendar extends CalendarEvent
+{
+    protected $fillable = ['title', 'date', 'description', 'notify_parent', 'notify_admin', 'notify_teacher', 'no_school', 'semester', 'school_year', 'notification_sent', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
+}

app/Models/ClassPrepAdjustment.php

@@ -6,16 +6,9 @@ class ClassPrepAdjustment extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'class_prep_adjustments';
 
-    // legacy model didn't use timestamps; keep off unless your table has updated_at/created_at auto-managed.
+    public $timestamps = false;
-    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['class_section_id', 'item_name', 'adjustment', 'adjustable', 'school_year', 'created_at'];
-        'class_section_id',
-        'item_name',
-        'adjustment',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'class_section_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ClassPreparationLog.php

@@ -6,16 +6,9 @@ class ClassPreparationLog extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'class_preparation_log';
 
-    // legacy: useTimestamps = false
+    public $timestamps = false;
-    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['class_section_id', 'class_section', 'school_year', 'prep_data', 'created_at'];
-        'class_section_id',
-        'class_section',
-        'school_year',
-        'prep_data',
-        'created_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'class_section_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ClassProgressAttachment.php

@@ -13,14 +13,7 @@ class ClassProgressAttachment extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['report_id', 'file_path', 'original_name', 'mime_type', 'file_size', 'created_at'];
-        'report_id',
-        'file_path',
-        'original_name',
-        'mime_type',
-        'file_size',
-        'created_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'report_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ClassProgressReport.php

@@ -13,26 +13,7 @@ class ClassProgressReport extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['class_section_id', 'teacher_id', 'week_start', 'week_end', 'subject', 'unit_title', 'materials', 'covered', 'homework', 'assessment', 'status', 'status_notes', 'class_notes', 'next_week_plan', 'support_needed', 'flags_json', 'attachment_path', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'class_section_id',
-        'teacher_id',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'week_start',
-        'week_end',
-        'subject',
-        'unit_title',
-        'covered',
-        'homework',
-        'assessment',
-        'status',
-        'status_notes',
-        'class_notes',
-        'next_week_plan',
-        'support_needed',
-        'flags_json',
-        'attachment_path',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'class_section_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ClassSection.php

@@ -15,13 +15,7 @@ class ClassSection extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['class_id', 'class_section_id', 'class_section_name', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'semester', 'school_year'];
-        'class_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'class_section_name',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'class_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/CommunicationLog.php

@@ -7,24 +7,9 @@ class CommunicationLog extends BaseModel
     protected $table = 'communication_logs';
 
     // legacy model didn't enable timestamps; keep off unless your table has created_at/updated_at.
-    public $timestamps = true;
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'family_id', 'student_name', 'template_key', 'subject', 'body', 'recipients', 'cc', 'bcc', 'attachments', 'status', 'error_message', 'sent_by', 'metadata'];
-        'student_id',
-        'family_id',
-        'student_name',
-        'template_key',
-        'subject',
-        'body',
-        'recipients',
-        'cc',
-        'bcc',
-        'attachments',
-        'status',
-        'error_message',
-        'sent_by',
-        'metadata',
-    ];
 
     public function getFillable(): array
     {

app/Models/Competition.php

@@ -14,22 +14,7 @@ class Competition extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at) + deleted_at for soft deletes
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['title', 'semester', 'school_year', 'class_section_id', 'start_date', 'end_date', 'winners_count', 'prize_per_point', 'is_published', 'published_at', 'created_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'deleted_at', 'is_locked', 'locked_at', 'locked_by'];
-        'title',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'start_date',
-        'end_date',
-        'winners_count',
-        'prize_per_point',
-        'is_published',
-        'published_at',
-        'is_locked',
-        'locked_at',
-        'locked_by',
-        'created_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'class_section_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/CompetitionClassWinner.php

@@ -9,18 +9,7 @@ class CompetitionClassWinner extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['competition_id', 'class_section_id', 'winners_override', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'question_count', 'prize_1', 'prize_2', 'prize_3', 'prize_4', 'prize_5', 'prize_6'];
-        'competition_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'winners_override',
-        'question_count',
-        'prize_1',
-        'prize_2',
-        'prize_3',
-        'prize_4',
-        'prize_5',
-        'prize_6',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'competition_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/CompetitionScore.php

@@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ class CompetitionScore extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['competition_id', 'student_id', 'class_section_id', 'score', 'notes', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'competition_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'score',
-        'notes',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'competition_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/CompetitionWinner.php

@@ -9,15 +9,7 @@ class CompetitionWinner extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['competition_id', 'student_id', 'class_section_id', 'rank', 'score', 'prize_amount', 'created_at'];
-        'competition_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'rank',
-        'score',
-        'prize_amount',
-        'created_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'competition_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Configuration.php

@@ -12,10 +12,7 @@ class Configuration extends BaseModel
     public $timestamps = false;
     public $incrementing = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['config_key', 'config_value'];
-        'config_key',
-        'config_value',
-    ];
 
     /* =========================
      * legacy method equivalents

app/Models/ContactUs.php

@@ -9,16 +9,7 @@ class ContactUs extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['sender_id', 'reciever_id', 'subject', 'message', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'semester', 'school_year'];
-        'sender_id',
-        'reciever_id',
-        'subject',
-        'message',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'sender_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/CurrentFlag.php

@@ -10,25 +10,7 @@ class CurrentFlag extends BaseModel
     // you can enable auto-management. If your table does NOT actually have them, set false.
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'student_name', 'grade', 'flag', 'flag_datetime', 'flag_state', 'updated_by_open', 'open_description', 'updated_by_closed', 'close_description', 'action_taken', 'updated_by_canceled', 'cancel_description', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'student_name',
-        'grade',
-        'flag',
-        'flag_datetime',
-        'flag_state',
-        'updated_by_open',
-        'open_description',
-        'updated_by_closed',
-        'close_description',
-        'action_taken',
-        'updated_by_canceled',
-        'cancel_description',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/DiscountUsage.php

@@ -11,16 +11,7 @@ class DiscountUsage extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: timestamps enabled (created_at / updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['voucher_id', 'invoice_id', 'parent_id', 'discount_amount', 'description', 'school_year', 'updated_by', 'used_at', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'semester'];
-        'voucher_id',
-        'invoice_id',
-        'discount_amount',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'updated_by',
-        'parent_id',
-        'used_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'voucher_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/DiscountVoucher.php

@@ -11,21 +11,7 @@ class DiscountVoucher extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy manages created_at / updated_at
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['code', 'discount_type', 'description', 'discount_value', 'max_uses', 'times_used', 'valid_from', 'valid_until', 'is_active', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'code',
-        'discount_type',
-        'discount_value',
-        'max_uses',
-        'times_used',
-        'valid_from',
-        'valid_until',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'is_active',
-        'description',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'discount_value' => 'decimal:2',

app/Models/EarlyDismissalSignature.php

@@ -9,16 +9,7 @@ class EarlyDismissalSignature extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: timestamps enabled (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['report_date', 'school_year', 'semester', 'filename', 'original_name', 'mime_type', 'file_size', 'uploaded_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'report_date',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'filename',
-        'original_name',
-        'mime_type',
-        'file_size',
-        'uploaded_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         // report_date is stored as Y-m-d in legacy validation; keep as date

app/Models/EmergencyContact.php

@@ -9,17 +9,7 @@ class EmergencyContact extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['emergency_contact_name', 'parent_id', 'cellphone', 'email', 'relation', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'parent_id',
-        'emergency_contact_name',
-        'cellphone',
-        'email',
-        'relation',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'parent_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Enrollment.php

@@ -11,20 +11,7 @@ class Enrollment extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'class_section_id', 'parent_id', 'enrollment_date', 'enrollment_status', 'withdrawal_date', 'is_withdrawn', 'admission_status', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'parent_id',
-        'school_year',
-        'enrollment_date',
-        'enrollment_status',
-        'withdrawal_date',
-        'is_withdrawn',
-        'admission_status',
-        'semester',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Event.php

@@ -9,19 +9,7 @@ class Event extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: timestamps enabled (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['event_name', 'event_category', 'description', 'amount', 'flyer', 'expiration_date', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'event_name',
-        'event_category',
-        'description',
-        'amount',
-        'flyer',
-        'expiration_date',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'amount' => 'decimal:2', // adjust precision if needed

app/Models/EventCharges.php

@@ -11,33 +11,7 @@ class EventCharges extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['event_id', 'parent_id', 'student_id', 'participation', 'charged', 'semester', 'school_year', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'event_id',
-        'event_name',
-        'description',
-        'amount',
-        'parent_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'participation',
-        'charged',
-        'waiver_signed',
-        'event_paid',
-        'event_payment_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'external_firstname',
-        'external_lastname',
-        'external_note',
-        'external_parent_firstname',
-        'external_parent_lastname',
-        'external_parent_phone',
-        'external_parent_email',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_by',
-        'updated_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'event_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Exam.php

@@ -13,17 +13,11 @@ class Exam extends BaseModel
      *
      * We'll keep auto created_at, no updated_at:
      */
-    public $timestamps = true;
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
     const UPDATED_AT = null; // ✅ no updated_at column
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'student_school_id', 'class_section_id', 'exam_name', 'created_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'exam_name',
-        'created_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ExamDraft.php

@@ -9,36 +9,7 @@ class ExamDraft extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['teacher_id', 'class_section_id', 'semester', 'school_year', 'exam_type', 'draft_title', 'description', 'teacher_file', 'teacher_filename', 'status', 'admin_id', 'admin_comments', 'reviewed_at', 'final_file', 'final_filename', 'version', 'previous_draft_id', 'is_legacy', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'teacher_id',
-        'author_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'exam_type',
-        'draft_title',
-        'author_comment',
-        'description',
-        'teacher_file',
-        'teacher_filename',
-        'author_file',
-        'author_filename',
-        'status',
-        'acceptance_type',
-        'review_revision',
-        'reviewer_id',
-        'admin_id',
-        'is_legacy',
-        'reviewer_comment',
-        'reviewer_comments',
-        'admin_comments',
-        'reviewed_at',
-        'final_file',
-        'final_filename',
-        'final_pdf_file',
-        'version',
-        'previous_draft_id',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'teacher_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Expense.php

@@ -11,23 +11,7 @@ class Expense extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['category', 'amount', 'receipt_path', 'description', 'retailor', 'purchased_by', 'date_of_purchase', 'added_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'school_year', 'semester', 'status', 'status_reason', 'updated_by', 'approved_by', 'reimbursement_id'];
-        'category',
-        'amount',
-        'receipt_path',
-        'description',
-        'retailor',
-        'date_of_purchase',
-        'purchased_by',
-        'added_by',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'status',
-        'status_reason',
-        'reimbursement_id',
-        'approved_by',
-        'updated_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'amount' => 'decimal:2', // adjust precision if needed

app/Models/Family.php

@@ -9,20 +9,7 @@ class Family extends BaseModel
     // legacy model didn't specify timestamps
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['family_code', 'household_name', 'address_line1', 'address_line2', 'city', 'state', 'postal_code', 'country', 'primary_phone', 'preferred_lang', 'preferred_contact_method', 'is_active', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'family_code',
-        'household_name',
-        'address_line1',
-        'address_line2',
-        'city',
-        'state',
-        'postal_code',
-        'country',
-        'primary_phone',
-        'preferred_lang',
-        'preferred_contact_method',
-        'is_active',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'is_active' => 'boolean',

app/Models/FamilyCommPref.php

@@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ class FamilyCommPref extends BaseModel
     // legacy model didn't specify timestamps
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['family_id', 'category', 'via_email', 'via_sms', 'cc_all_guardians', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'family_id',
-        'category',
-        'via_email',
-        'via_sms',
-        'cc_all_guardians',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'family_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/FamilyGuardian.php

@@ -9,15 +9,7 @@ class FamilyGuardian extends BaseModel
     // legacy model didn't specify timestamps
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['family_id', 'user_id', 'relation', 'is_primary', 'receive_emails', 'receive_sms', 'custody_notes', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'family_id',
-        'user_id',
-        'relation',
-        'is_primary',
-        'receive_emails',
-        'receive_sms',
-        'custody_notes',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'family_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/FamilyStudent.php

@@ -11,12 +11,7 @@ class FamilyStudent extends BaseModel
     // legacy model didn't specify timestamps
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['family_id', 'student_id', 'is_primary_home', 'notes', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'family_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'is_primary_home',
-        'notes',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'family_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/FinalExam.php

@@ -10,25 +10,9 @@ class FinalExam extends BaseModel
      * legacy: useTimestamps = false (even though table has created_at/updated_at fields).
      * So we keep timestamps OFF and you can set created_at/updated_at manually if needed.
      */
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'score', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'updated_by',
-        'score',
-        'max_points',
-        'status',
-        'excused_reason',
-        'locked_at',
-        'locked_by',
-        'comment',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/FinalScore.php

@@ -10,19 +10,7 @@ class FinalScore extends BaseModel
     // If you want Laravel to auto-manage them, keep true (recommended).
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'score', 'score_letter', 'comment', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'semester'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'teacher_id',
-        'score',
-        'score_letter',
-        'comment',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/GradingLock.php

@@ -9,16 +9,7 @@ class GradingLock extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['class_section_id', 'semester', 'school_year', 'is_locked', 'locked_by', 'locked_at', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'class_section_id',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'is_locked',
-        'locked_by',
-        'locked_at',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'class_section_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Homework.php

@@ -12,26 +12,9 @@ class Homework extends BaseModel
      * legacy: useTimestamps = false (even though created_at/updated_at columns exist).
      * Keep it OFF to match behavior. If you want Laravel to auto-manage, tell me.
      */
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'homework_index', 'score', 'comment', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'updated_by',
-        'homework_index',
-        'score',
-        'max_points',
-        'status',
-        'excused_reason',
-        'locked_at',
-        'locked_by',
-        'comment',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Incident.php

@@ -9,25 +9,7 @@ class Incident extends BaseModel
     // Table contains created_at/updated_at; enable auto timestamps (recommended).
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'student_name', 'grade', 'incident', 'incident_datetime', 'incident_state', 'updated_by_open', 'open_description', 'updated_by_closed', 'close_description', 'action_taken', 'updated_by_canceled', 'cancel_description', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'student_name',
-        'grade',
-        'incident',
-        'incident_datetime',
-        'incident_state',
-        'updated_by_open',
-        'open_description',
-        'updated_by_closed',
-        'close_description',
-        'action_taken',
-        'updated_by_canceled',
-        'cancel_description',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/InventoryCategory.php

@@ -9,15 +9,7 @@ class InventoryCategory extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['type', 'name', 'description', 'grade_min', 'grade_max', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'type',
-        'name',
-        'description',
-        'grade_min',
-        'grade_max',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'grade_min' => 'integer',

app/Models/InventoryItem.php

@@ -9,37 +9,7 @@ class InventoryItem extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['type', 'category_id', 'name', 'description', 'quantity', 'good_qty', 'needs_repair_qty', 'need_replace_qty', 'cannot_find_qty', 'unit', 'condition', 'isbn', 'edition', 'sku', 'notes', 'semester', 'school_year', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'type',
-        'category_id',
-        'name',
-        'description',
-        'quantity',
-        'unit',
-        'condition',
-        'isbn',
-        'edition',
-        'sku',
-        'notes',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'updated_by',
-        'good_qty',
-        'needs_repair_qty',
-        'need_replace_qty',
-        'cannot_find_qty',
-        // Supplier/reorder fields
-        'preferred_supplier_id',
-        'last_purchase_price',
-        'average_unit_cost',
-        'reorder_point',
-        'reorder_quantity',
-        'lead_time_days',
-        // Barcode/QR fields
-        'barcode',
-        'qr_code',
-        'asset_tag',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'category_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/InventoryMovement.php

@@ -9,26 +9,7 @@ class InventoryMovement extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['item_id', 'qty_change', 'movement_type', 'reason', 'note', 'semester', 'school_year', 'performed_by', 'teacher_id', 'student_id', 'class_section_id', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'item_id',
-        'qty_change',
-        'movement_type',
-        'reason',
-        'note',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'performed_by',
-        'teacher_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        // Audit/correction fields
-        'voided_at',
-        'voided_by',
-        'void_reason',
-        'corrects_movement_id',
-        'source_type',
-        'source_id',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'item_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Invoice.php

@@ -13,25 +13,9 @@ class Invoice extends BaseModel
      * legacy: useTimestamps = false because DB defaults/triggers manage created_at/updated_at.
      * In Laravel, keep timestamps OFF and let DB handle them.
      */
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['parent_id', 'invoice_number', 'total_amount', 'balance', 'paid_amount', 'has_discount', 'issue_date', 'due_date', 'status', 'description', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'updated_by', 'semester'];
-        'parent_id',
-        'invoice_number',
-        'total_amount',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'balance',
-        'paid_amount',
-        'has_discount',
-        'issue_date',
-        'due_date',
-        'status',
-        'description',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-        'updated_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'parent_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/InvoiceEvent.php

@@ -9,17 +9,7 @@ class InvoiceEvent extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['invoice_id', 'event_name', 'description', 'amount', 'semester', 'school_year', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'invoice_id',
-        'event_name',
-        'description',
-        'amount',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'updated_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'invoice_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/InvoiceStudentList.php

@@ -9,18 +9,7 @@ class InvoiceStudentList extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['invoice_id', 'student_id', 'student_firstname', 'student_lastname', 'school_id', 'enrolled', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'semester'];
-        'invoice_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'student_firstname',
-        'student_lastname',
-        'school_id',
-        'enrolled',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'invoice_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/IpAttempt.php

@@ -9,14 +9,7 @@ class IpAttempt extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['ip_address', 'attempts', 'last_attempt_at', 'blocked_until', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'ip_address',
-        'attempts',
-        'last_attempt_at',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'blocked_until',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'attempts' => 'integer',

app/Models/LateSlipLog.php

@@ -12,18 +12,7 @@ class LateSlipLog extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false (printed_at is controlled explicitly)
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['school_year', 'semester', 'student_name', 'slip_date', 'time_in', 'grade', 'reason', 'admin_name', 'printed_by', 'printed_at'];
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'student_name',
-        'slip_date',
-        'time_in',
-        'grade',
-        'reason',
-        'admin_name',
-        'printed_by',
-        'printed_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'printed_by' => 'integer',

app/Models/LoginActivity.php

@@ -9,18 +9,7 @@ class LoginActivity extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'email', 'login_time', 'logout_time', 'ip_address', 'user_agent', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'semester', 'school_year'];
-        'user_id',
-        'email',
-        'login_time',
-        'logout_time',
-        'ip_address',
-        'user_agent',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'user_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ManualPayment.php

@@ -9,16 +9,7 @@ class ManualPayment extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['invoice_number', 'amount', 'payment_method', 'reference', 'discount_number', 'proof_path', 'created_at', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'invoice_number',
-        'amount',
-        'payment_method',
-        'reference',
-        'proof_path',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'amount' => 'decimal:2', // adjust precision if needed

app/Models/Message.php

@@ -9,21 +9,7 @@ class Message extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false (manual date fields)
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['sender_id', 'recipient_id', 'subject', 'message', 'sent_datetime', 'read_status', 'read_datetime', 'message_number', 'priority', 'attachment', 'status', 'semester', 'school_year'];
-        'sender_id',
-        'recipient_id',
-        'subject',
-        'message',
-        'sent_datetime',
-        'read_status',
-        'read_datetime',
-        'message_number',
-        'priority',
-        'attachment',
-        'status',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'sender_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/MidtermExam.php

@@ -10,25 +10,9 @@ class MidtermExam extends BaseModel
      * legacy: useTimestamps = false (even though created_at/updated_at columns exist).
      * Keep it OFF to match behavior (you can still store created_at/updated_at manually).
      */
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'score', 'comment', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'updated_by',
-        'score',
-        'max_points',
-        'status',
-        'excused_reason',
-        'locked_at',
-        'locked_by',
-        'comment',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/MissingScoreOverride.php

@@ -11,18 +11,7 @@ class MissingScoreOverride extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'class_section_id', 'semester', 'school_year', 'item_type', 'item_index', 'is_allowed', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'item_type',
-        'item_index',
-        'is_allowed',
-        'updated_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/NavItem.php

@@ -13,15 +13,7 @@ class NavItem extends BaseModel
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['menu_parent_id', 'label', 'url', 'icon_class', 'target', 'sort_order', 'is_enabled', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'deleted_at'];
-        'menu_parent_id',
-        'label',
-        'url',
-        'icon_class',
-        'target',
-        'sort_order',
-        'is_enabled',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'menu_parent_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Notification.php

@@ -14,19 +14,7 @@ class Notification extends BaseModel
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['title', 'message', 'target_group', 'delivery_channels', 'priority', 'status', 'action_url', 'attachment_path', 'scheduled_at', 'sent_at', 'expires_at', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'deleted_at', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'title',
-        'message',
-        'target_group',
-        'delivery_channels',
-        'priority',
-        'status',
-        'action_url',
-        'attachment_path',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'scheduled_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'scheduled_at' => 'datetime',

app/Models/ParentAttendanceReport.php

@@ -11,25 +11,12 @@ class ParentAttendanceReport extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['parent_id', 'student_id', 'class_section_id', 'report_date', 'type', 'arrival_time', 'dismiss_time', 'reason', 'semester', 'school_year', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'parent_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'report_date',
-        'type',
-        'arrival_time',
-        'dismiss_time',
-        'reason',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'status',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'parent_id' => 'integer',
         'student_id' => 'integer',
         'class_section_id' => 'integer',
-        'report_date' => 'date',
     ];
 
     /* Optional relationships */

app/Models/ParentMeetingSchedule.php

@@ -9,20 +9,7 @@ class ParentMeetingSchedule extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'parent_user_id', 'parent_name', 'student_name', 'class_section_name', 'date', 'time', 'notes', 'semester', 'school_year', 'status', 'created_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'parent_user_id',
-        'parent_name',
-        'student_name',
-        'class_section_name',
-        'date',
-        'time',
-        'notes',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'status',
-        'created_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ParentModel.php

@@ -9,16 +9,7 @@ class ParentModel extends BaseModel
     // legacy model didn't specify timestamps
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['secondparent_firstname', 'secondparent_lastname', 'secondparent_gender', 'secondparent_email', 'secondparent_phone', 'firstparent_id', 'secondparent_id', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'secondparent_firstname',
-        'secondparent_lastname',
-        'secondparent_gender',
-        'secondparent_email',
-        'secondparent_phone',
-        'firstparent_id',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'firstparent_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ParentNotification.php

@@ -9,18 +9,7 @@ class ParentNotification extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'code', 'incident_date', 'channel', 'to_address', 'subject', 'status', 'response', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'code',
-        'incident_date',
-        'channel',
-        'to_address',
-        'subject',
-        'status',
-        'response',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Participation.php

@@ -10,25 +10,9 @@ class Participation extends BaseModel
      * legacy: useTimestamps = false (even though created_at/updated_at columns exist).
      * Keep OFF to match behavior (you can still set created_at/updated_at manually).
      */
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'score', 'comment', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'updated_by',
-        'score',
-        'max_points',
-        'status',
-        'excused_reason',
-        'locked_at',
-        'locked_by',
-        'comment',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/PasswordReset.php

@@ -18,18 +18,13 @@ class PasswordReset extends BaseModel
      * This will auto-set expires_at whenever you call save()/update().
      * (Only do this if that’s truly what you want.)
      */
-    public $timestamps = true;
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
     const CREATED_AT = 'created_at';
 
     const UPDATED_AT = 'expires_at';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['email', 'token', 'created_at', 'expires_at'];
-        'email',
-        'token',
-        'created_at',
-        'expires_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'created_at' => 'datetime',

app/Models/PasswordResetRequest.php

@@ -7,12 +7,9 @@ class PasswordResetRequest extends BaseModel
     protected $table = 'password_reset_requests';
 
     // legacy: timestamps off
-    public $timestamps = true;
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['ip_address', 'requested_at'];
-        'ip_address',
-        'requested_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'requested_at' => 'datetime',

app/Models/PayPalPayment.php

@@ -10,30 +10,11 @@ class PayPalPayment extends BaseModel
      * legacy: created_at is managed, updated_at is NOT used.
      * In Laravel: enable timestamps but disable UPDATED_AT.
      */
-    public $timestamps = true;
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
     const UPDATED_AT = null;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['webhook_id', 'parent_school_id', 'order_id', 'transaction_id', 'status', 'amount', 'currency', 'paypal_fee', 'net_amount', 'payer_email', 'merchant_id', 'event_type', 'summary', 'raw_payload', 'synced', 'sync_attempts', 'created_at'];
-        'webhook_id',
-        'parent_school_id',
-        'order_id',
-        'transaction_id',
-        'status',
-        'amount',
-        'currency',
-        'paypal_fee',
-        'net_amount',
-        'payer_email',
-        'merchant_id',
-        'event_type',
-        'summary',
-        'raw_payload',
-        'synced',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'sync_attempts',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'parent_school_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Payment.php

@@ -12,25 +12,9 @@ class Payment extends BaseModel
      * legacy: useTimestamps = false because DB handles created_at/updated_at (defaults/triggers).
      * Keep OFF in Laravel too.
      */
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['parent_id', 'invoice_id', 'total_amount', 'paid_amount', 'balance', 'number_of_installments', 'transaction_id', 'check_file', 'check_number', 'payment_method', 'payment_date', 'semester', 'school_year', 'status', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'parent_id',
-        'invoice_id',
-        'total_amount',
-        'paid_amount',
-        'balance',
-        'number_of_installments',
-        'transaction_id',
-        'check_file',
-        'check_number',
-        'payment_method',
-        'payment_date',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'status',
-        'updated_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'parent_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/PaymentError.php

@@ -9,19 +9,7 @@ class PaymentError extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false (logged_at managed manually)
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['payment_id', 'invoice_id', 'parent_id', 'wrong_paid_amount', 'wrong_payment_method', 'wrong_check_file', 'error_note', 'logged_at', 'logged_by', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'payment_id',
-        'invoice_id',
-        'parent_id',
-        'wrong_paid_amount',
-        'wrong_payment_method',
-        'wrong_check_file',
-        'error_note',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'logged_at',
-        'logged_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'payment_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/PaymentNotificationLog.php

@@ -9,24 +9,7 @@ class PaymentNotificationLog extends BaseModel
     // legacy: useTimestamps = false (created_at / sent_at are managed manually)
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['parent_id', 'invoice_id', 'school_year', 'period_year', 'period_month', 'type', 'to_email', 'cc_email', 'head_fa_notified', 'subject', 'body', 'status', 'error_message', 'balance_snapshot', 'created_at', 'sent_at'];
-        'parent_id',
-        'invoice_id',
-        'school_year',
-        'period_year',
-        'period_month',
-        'type',
-        'to_email',
-        'cc_email',
-        'head_fa_notified',
-        'subject',
-        'body',
-        'status',
-        'error_message',
-        'balance_snapshot',
-        'created_at',
-        'sent_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'parent_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/PaymentTransaction.php

@@ -9,21 +9,7 @@ class PaymentTransaction extends BaseModel
     // Legacy table has no created_at/updated_at columns.
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['transaction_id', 'payment_id', 'transaction_date', 'amount', 'payment_method', 'payment_status', 'transaction_fee', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'transaction_id',
-        'payment_id',
-        'transaction_date',
-        'amount',
-        'payment_method',
-        'payment_status',
-        'transaction_fee',
-        'payment_reference',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'is_full_payment',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'payment_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/PaypalTransaction.php

@@ -9,22 +9,7 @@ class PaypalTransaction extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['transaction_id', 'payment_id', 'firstname', 'lastname', 'event_type', 'payer_email', 'amount', 'currency', 'status', 'payment_method', 'transaction_fee', 'raw_data', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'transaction_id',
-        'payment_id',
-        'firstname',
-        'lastname',
-        'event_type',
-        'payer_email',
-        'amount',
-        'currency',
-        'status',
-        'payment_method',
-        'transaction_fee',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'raw_data',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'payment_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Permission.php

@@ -12,12 +12,7 @@ class Permission extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['name', 'description', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'name',
-        'description',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     /* =========================
      * legacy method equivalents

app/Models/PlacementBatch.php

@@ -9,14 +9,7 @@ class PlacementBatch extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['placement_test', 'school_year', 'created_by', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'placement_test',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_by',
-        'updated_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'created_by' => 'integer',

app/Models/PlacementLevel.php

@@ -9,15 +9,7 @@ class PlacementLevel extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'level', 'school_year', 'created_by', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'level',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_by',
-        'updated_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/PlacementScore.php

@@ -9,15 +9,7 @@ class PlacementScore extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['batch_id', 'student_id', 'score', 'created_by', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'batch_id',
-        'student_id',
-        'score',
-        'created_by',
-        'updated_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'batch_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Preferences.php

@@ -9,27 +9,7 @@ class Preferences extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'notification_email', 'notification_sms', 'theme', 'language', 'style_color', 'menu_color', 'menu_custom_bg', 'menu_custom_text', 'menu_custom_mode', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'user_id',
-        'receive_email_notifications',
-        'receive_sms_notifications',
-        'theme',
-        'language',
-        'timezone',
-        'style_color',
-        'menu_color',
-        'custom',
-        'menu_custom_bg',
-        'menu_custom_text',
-        'menu_custom_mode',
-        'receive_push_notifications',
-        'daily_summary_email',
-        'privacy_mode',
-        'marketing_emails',
-        'account_activity_alerts',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'user_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/PrintRequest.php

@@ -9,17 +9,7 @@ class PrintRequest extends BaseModel
     // ✅ legacy: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['teacher_id', 'admin_id', 'class_id', 'file_path', 'page_selection', 'num_copies', 'required_by', 'pickup_method', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'teacher_id',
-        'admin_id',
-        'class_id',
-        'file_path',
-        'page_selection',
-        'num_copies',
-        'required_by',
-        'pickup_method',
-        'status',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'teacher_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Project.php

@@ -15,24 +15,7 @@ class Project extends BaseModel
     /**
      * Mass assignment.
      */
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'project_index', 'score', 'comment', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'updated_by',
-        'project_index',
-        'score',
-        'max_points',
-        'status',
-        'excused_reason',
-        'locked_at',
-        'locked_by',
-        'comment',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     /**
      * If your table has created_at/updated_at columns (it does),

app/Models/PromotionQueue.php

@@ -9,18 +9,7 @@ class PromotionQueue extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'promotion_queue';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'from_class_section_id', 'to_class_id', 'to_class_section_id', 'school_year_from', 'school_year_to', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'updated_by'];
-        'student_id',
-        'from_class_section_id',
-        'to_class_id',
-        'to_class_section_id',
-        'school_year_from',
-        'school_year_to',
-        'status',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-        'updated_by',
-    ];
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 

app/Models/PurchaseOrder.php

@@ -13,17 +13,7 @@ class PurchaseOrder extends BaseModel
 
     protected $table = 'purchase_orders';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['po_number', 'supplier_id', 'status', 'order_date', 'expected_date', 'subtotal', 'tax', 'total', 'notes'];
-        'po_number',
-        'supplier_id',
-        'status',
-        'order_date',
-        'expected_date',
-        'subtotal',
-        'tax',
-        'total',
-        'notes',
-    ];
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 

app/Models/PurchaseOrderItem.php

@@ -8,15 +8,7 @@ class PurchaseOrderItem extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'purchase_order_items';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['purchase_order_id', 'supply_id', 'description', 'quantity', 'received_qty', 'unit_cost'];
-        'purchase_order_id',
-        'supply_id',
-        'inventory_item_id',
-        'description',
-        'quantity',
-        'received_qty',
-        'unit_cost',
-    ];
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 

app/Models/Quiz.php

@@ -8,26 +8,9 @@ class Quiz extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'quiz';
 
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'quiz_index', 'score', 'comment', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'updated_by',
-        'quiz_index',
-        'score',
-        'max_points',
-        'status',
-        'excused_reason',
-        'locked_at',
-        'locked_by',
-        'comment',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Refund.php

@@ -9,27 +9,7 @@ class Refund extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'refunds';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['parent_id', 'school_year', 'invoice_id', 'refund_amount', 'requested_at', 'approved_at', 'refunded_at', 'status', 'reason', 'refund_paid_amount', 'request', 'note', 'approved_by', 'updated_by', 'refund_method', 'check_nbr', 'check_file', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'semester'];
-        'parent_id',
-        'school_year',
-        'invoice_id',
-        'refund_amount',
-        'requested_at',
-        'approved_at',
-        'refunded_at',
-        'status',
-        'reason',
-        'refund_paid_amount',
-        'request',
-        'note',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'approved_by',
-        'updated_by',
-        'refund_method',
-        'check_nbr',
-        'check_file',
-    ];
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 

app/Models/Reimbursement.php

@@ -9,21 +9,7 @@ class Reimbursement extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'reimbursements';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['expense_id', 'amount', 'reimbursed_to', 'approved_by', 'receipt_path', 'description', 'status', 'added_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'school_year', 'semester', 'check_number', 'reimbursement_method', 'batch_number'];
-        'amount',
-        'reimbursed_to',
-        'approved_by',
-        'receipt_path',
-        'description',
-        'status',
-        'expense_id',
-        'added_by',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'check_number',
-        'reimbursement_method',
-        'batch_number',
-    ];
 
     /**
      * If your table has created_at/updated_at, keep timestamps (default).

app/Models/ReimbursementBatch.php

@@ -15,18 +15,7 @@ class ReimbursementBatch extends BaseModel
      */
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['title', 'yearly_batch_number', 'status', 'school_year', 'semester', 'created_by', 'closed_by', 'opened_at', 'closed_at', 'notes'];
-        'title',
-        'status',
-        'created_by',
-        'closed_by',
-        'opened_at',
-        'closed_at',
-        'notes',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'yearly_batch_number',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'created_by' => 'integer',

app/Models/ReimbursementBatchAdminFile.php

@@ -13,14 +13,7 @@ class ReimbursementBatchAdminFile extends BaseModel
      */
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['batch_id', 'admin_id', 'filename', 'original_filename', 'uploaded_at', 'uploaded_by'];
-        'batch_id',
-        'admin_id',
-        'filename',
-        'original_filename',
-        'uploaded_at',
-        'uploaded_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'batch_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/ReimbursementBatchItem.php

@@ -14,17 +14,7 @@ class ReimbursementBatchItem extends BaseModel
      */
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['batch_id', 'expense_id', 'reimbursement_id', 'admin_id', 'assigned_at', 'unassigned_at', 'notes', 'school_year', 'semester'];
-        'batch_id',
-        'expense_id',
-        'reimbursement_id',
-        'admin_id',
-        'assigned_at',
-        'unassigned_at',
-        'notes',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'batch_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Role.php

@@ -8,16 +8,7 @@ class Role extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'roles';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['name', 'slug', 'description', 'dashboard_route', 'priority', 'is_active', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'name',
-        'slug',
-        'description',
-        'dashboard_route',
-        'priority',
-        'is_active',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 

app/Models/RoleNavItem.php

@@ -11,10 +11,7 @@ class RoleNavItem extends BaseModel
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['role_id', 'nav_item_id', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'role_id',
-        'nav_item_id',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'role_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/RolePermission.php

@@ -10,17 +10,7 @@ class RolePermission extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'role_permissions';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['role_id', 'permission_id', 'can_create', 'can_read', 'can_update', 'can_delete', 'can_manage', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'role_id',
-        'permission_id',
-        'can_create',
-        'can_read',
-        'can_update',
-        'can_delete',
-        'can_manage',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 

app/Models/ScoreComment.php

@@ -13,24 +13,13 @@ class ScoreComment extends BaseModel
      * legacy: timestamps disabled (created_at handled by DB default).
      * Keep disabled in Laravel too.
      */
-    public $timestamps = true;
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
     /**
      * If your DB uses created_at as default timestamp and you want Laravel
      * to treat it as a date, keep it in casts below.
      */
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'class_section_id', 'score_type', 'semester', 'school_year', 'comment', 'comment_review', 'reviewed_by', 'commented_by', 'created_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'score_type',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'comment',
-        'comment_review',
-        'reviewed_by',
-        'commented_by',
-        'created_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Section.php

@@ -9,15 +9,9 @@ class Section extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'sections';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['section_name', 'description', 'updated_at', 'updated_by'];
-        'section_name',
-        'description',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-        'updated_by',
-    ];
 
-    public $timestamps = true;
+    public $timestamps = false;
 
     protected $casts = [
         'updated_by' => 'integer',

app/Models/SemesterScore.php

@@ -9,27 +9,7 @@ class SemesterScore extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'semester_scores';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'school_id', 'class_section_id', 'updated_by', 'homework_avg', 'quiz_avg', 'project_avg', 'midterm_exam_score', 'final_exam_score', 'attendance_score', 'participation_score', 'ptap_score', 'test_avg', 'semester_score', 'semester', 'school_year', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'student_id',
-        'school_id',
-        'class_section_id',
-        'updated_by',
-        'homework_avg',
-        'quiz_avg',
-        'project_avg',
-        'midterm_exam_score',
-        'final_exam_score',
-        'attendance_score',
-        'participation_score',
-        'ptap_score',
-        'test_avg',
-        'semester_score',
-        'calculation_mode',
-        'calculation_policy_version',
-        'snapshot_id',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-    ];
 
     /**
      * If your table has created_at/updated_at columns, keep this true (default).

app/Models/Setting.php

@@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ class Setting extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'settings';
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['name', 'timezone', 'updated_by', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];
-        'name',
-        'timezone',
-        'updated_by',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     public $timestamps = true;
 

app/Models/Staff.php

@@ -12,21 +12,9 @@ class Staff extends BaseModel
     /**
      * legacy: timestamps managed manually (created_at/updated_at set by caller/controller)
      */
-    public $timestamps = false;
+    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['firstname', 'lastname', 'email', 'phone', 'role_name', 'school_year', 'active_role', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'user_id'];
-        'user_id',
-        'firstname',
-        'lastname',
-        'email',
-        'phone',
-        'role_name',
-        'active_role',
-        'status',
-        'school_year',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'user_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/StaffAttendance.php

@@ -20,22 +20,7 @@ class StaffAttendance extends BaseModel
      * ✅ If class_section_id/position DO exist in your DB, add them to fillable.
      * ❌ If they do NOT exist, remove them and also remove related methods/scopes.
      */
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'role_name', 'date', 'semester', 'school_year', 'status', 'reason', 'created_at', 'updated_at', 'created_by', 'updated_by'];
-        'user_id',
-        'role_name',
-        'date',
-        'semester',
-        'school_year',
-        'status',
-        'present',
-        'absent',
-        'late',
-        'reason',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-        'created_by',
-        'updated_by',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'user_id' => 'integer',

app/Models/Stats.php

@@ -12,12 +12,7 @@ class Stats extends BaseModel
      */
     public $timestamps = true;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['students', 'teachers', 'admins', 'users'];
-        'students',
-        'teachers',
-        'admins',
-        'users',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'students' => 'integer',

app/Models/Student.php

@@ -19,25 +19,7 @@ class Student extends BaseModel
      */
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['school_id', 'firstname', 'lastname', 'dob', 'age', 'gender', 'is_active', 'registration_grade', 'is_new', 'photo_consent', 'parent_id', 'registration_date', 'tuition_paid', 'rfid_tag', 'semester', 'year_of_registration', 'school_year'];
-        'school_id',
-        'firstname',
-        'lastname',
-        'dob',
-        'age',
-        'gender',
-        'registration_grade',
-        'photo_consent',
-        'is_new',
-        'parent_id',
-        'school_year',
-        'semester',
-        'registration_date',
-        'tuition_paid',
-        'year_of_registration',
-        'rfid_tag',
-        'is_active',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'school_id' => 'string',

app/Models/StudentAllergy.php

@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@ class StudentAllergy extends BaseModel
      */
     public $timestamps = false;
 
-    protected $fillable = [
+    protected $fillable = ['student_id', 'allergy'];
-        'student_id',
-        'allergy',
-    ];
 
     protected $casts = [
         'student_id' => 'integer',