reconstruction of the project

app/Models/LoginActivity.php

@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ use App\Models\BaseModel;
 class LoginActivity extends BaseModel
 {
     protected $table = 'login_activity';
-    protected $primaryKey = 'id';
+
+    // ✅ CI: useTimestamps = true (created_at/updated_at)
+    public $timestamps = true;
+
     protected $fillable = [
         'user_id',
         'email',
@@ -20,18 +23,27 @@ class LoginActivity extends BaseModel
         'semester',
         'school_year',
     ];
-    public $timestamps = true;
-    const CREATED_AT = 'created_at';
-    const UPDATED_AT = 'updated_at';
 
-    public function getLastActivities($limit = 4)
+    protected $casts = [
+        'user_id'     => 'integer',
+        'login_time'  => 'datetime',
+        'logout_time' => 'datetime',
+    ];
+
+    /* Optional relationship */
+    public function user()
     {
-        return $this->orderBy('login_time', 'DESC')->findAll($limit);
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'user_id');
     }
 
-
-
-}
-
-
-?>
+    /**
+     * Equivalent of CI getLastActivities()
+     */
+    public static function getLastActivities(int $limit = 4)
+    {
+        return static::query()
+            ->orderByDesc('login_time')
+            ->limit(max(1, $limit))
+            ->get();
+    }
+}