reconstruction of the project

app/Models/FamilyStudent.php

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
-<?php 
+<?php
 
 namespace App\Models;
-use App\Models\BaseModel;
 
-class FamilyStudent extends BaseModel {
+use App\Models\BaseModel;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+class FamilyStudent extends BaseModel
+{
     protected $table = 'family_students';
-    protected $primaryKey = 'id';
+
+    // CI model didn't specify timestamps
+    public $timestamps = true;
+
     protected $fillable = [
         'family_id',
         'student_id',
@@ -14,11 +20,39 @@ class FamilyStudent extends BaseModel {
         'created_at',
         'updated_at',
     ];
-    public $timestamps = true;
 
-    public function getFamiliesForStudent(int $studentId): array {
-        $db = \Config\Database::connect();
-        $sql = "SELECT f.* , fs.is_primary_home\n                FROM family_students fs\n                JOIN families f ON f.id = fs.family_id\n                WHERE fs.student_id = ? AND f.is_active = 1\n                ORDER BY fs.is_primary_home DESC, f.household_name";
-        return $db->query($sql, [$studentId])->getResultArray();
+    protected $casts = [
+        'family_id'        => 'integer',
+        'student_id'       => 'integer',
+        'is_primary_home'  => 'boolean',
+    ];
+
+    /* Optional relationships */
+    public function family()
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Family::class, 'family_id');
+    }
+
+    public function student()
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Student::class, 'student_id');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Laravel equivalent of CI getFamiliesForStudent().
+     * Returns array rows: families.* + is_primary_home
+     */
+    public static function getFamiliesForStudent(int $studentId): array
+    {
+        return DB::table('family_students as fs')
+            ->join('families as f', 'f.id', '=', 'fs.family_id')
+            ->where('fs.student_id', $studentId)
+            ->where('f.is_active', 1)
+            ->orderByDesc('fs.is_primary_home')
+            ->orderBy('f.household_name')
+            ->select('f.*', 'fs.is_primary_home')
+            ->get()
+            ->map(fn ($r) => (array) $r)
+            ->all();
     }
 }