diff --git a/app/Services/Events/EventChargeService.php b/app/Services/Events/EventChargeService.php
index d9f1370d..a05e7e6e 100644
--- a/app/Services/Events/EventChargeService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Events/EventChargeService.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class EventChargeService
             ->where('enrollments.school_year', $schoolYear)
             ->whereIn('enrollments.enrollment_status', ['enrolled', 'payment pending'])
             ->get()
-            ->map(fn ($row) => (array) $row)
+            ->map(fn ($row) => $row->toArray())
             ->all();
 
         $parentIds = [];
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class EventChargeService
         $charges = EventCharges::query()
             ->where('event_id', $eventId)
             ->get()
-            ->map(fn ($row) => (array) $row)
+            ->map(fn ($row) => $row->toArray())
             ->all();
 
         $parentIds = [];
diff --git a/app/Services/Reports/ReportCards/ReportCardService.php b/app/Services/Reports/ReportCards/ReportCardService.php
index d7770e62..d39aa176 100644
--- a/app/Services/Reports/ReportCards/ReportCardService.php
+++ b/app/Services/Reports/ReportCards/ReportCardService.php
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class ReportCardService
             $query->where('student_class.school_year', $schoolYear);
         }
 
-        return $query->get()->map(fn ($r) => (array) $r)->all();
+        return $query->get()->map(fn ($r) => $r->toArray())->all();
     }
 
     private function normalizeSemester(?string $input): string
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204001_create_users_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204001_create_users_table.php
index a24570f8..e0985d64 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204001_create_users_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204001_create_users_table.php
@@ -19,25 +19,25 @@ CREATE TABLE `users` (
   `firstname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
   `lastname` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
   `gender` enum('Male','Female') DEFAULT NULL,
-  `cellphone` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
+  `cellphone` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
   `email` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-  `address_street` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+  `address_street` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `apt` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
-  `city` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
-  `state` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
-  `zip` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
-  `accept_school_policy` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
+  `city` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `state` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `zip` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `accept_school_policy` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0',
   `is_verified` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
   `status` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Inactive',
   `is_suspended` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
   `failed_attempts` int DEFAULT '0',
-  `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+  `password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
   `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
   `token` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `account_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `user_type` enum('primary','secondary','tertiary') DEFAULT 'primary',
-  `semester` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+  `semester` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `school_year` varchar(9) DEFAULT NULL,
   `rfid_tag` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
   `last_failed_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204002_create_students_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204002_create_students_table.php
index 19a15ddb..80ef80a3 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204002_create_students_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204002_create_students_table.php
@@ -15,22 +15,22 @@ return new class extends Migration
         SqliteCompat::statement(<<<'SQL'
 CREATE TABLE `students` (
 `id` int UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-  `school_id` char(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
+  `school_id` char(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `firstname` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
   `lastname` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
   `dob` date DEFAULT NULL,
-  `age` int NOT NULL,
-  `gender` varchar(10) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
+  `age` int DEFAULT NULL,
+  `gender` varchar(10) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `is_active` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
   `registration_grade` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `is_new` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' COMMENT '1 = new student, 0 = returning student',
-  `photo_consent` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
-  `parent_id` int NOT NULL,
+  `photo_consent` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `parent_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
   `registration_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
   `tuition_paid` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
   `rfid_tag` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `semester` varchar(10) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
-  `year_of_registration` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
+  `year_of_registration` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `school_year` varchar(9) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
 SQL
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204056_create_parents_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204056_create_parents_table.php
index b6388df5..ba4a24ad 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204056_create_parents_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204056_create_parents_table.php
@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@ return new class extends Migration
         SqliteCompat::statement(<<<'SQL'
 CREATE TABLE `parents` (
 `id` int NOT NULL,
-  `secondparent_firstname` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
-  `secondparent_lastname` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
+  `secondparent_firstname` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
+  `secondparent_lastname` varchar(100) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `secondparent_gender` enum('Male','Female') COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
-  `secondparent_email` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
-  `secondparent_phone` varchar(15) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
-  `firstparent_id` int NOT NULL,
-  `secondparent_id` int NOT NULL,
+  `secondparent_email` varchar(150) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
+  `secondparent_phone` varchar(15) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
+  `firstparent_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
+  `secondparent_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
   `semester` varchar(10) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
-  `school_year` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
+  `school_year` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
   `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204134_create_student_class_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204134_create_student_class_table.php
index de07d35e..689a5422 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204134_create_student_class_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204134_create_student_class_table.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `student_class` (
   `student_id` int NOT NULL,
   `class_section_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
   `is_event_only` tinyint UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
-  `semester` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+  `semester` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `school_year` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
   `description` text,
   `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204138_create_teacher_class_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204138_create_teacher_class_table.php
index 399b8ea7..6e2faaa8 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204138_create_teacher_class_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_204138_create_teacher_class_table.php
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `teacher_class` (
   `class_section_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
   `teacher_id` int DEFAULT NULL,
   `position` enum('main','ta') COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
-  `semester` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
+  `semester` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `school_year` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `description` text COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci,
   `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900012_create_classSection_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900012_create_classSection_table.php
index 19ce0541..0fa4f0d1 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900012_create_classSection_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900012_create_classSection_table.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `classSection` (
   `class_section_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
   `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
   `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
-  `semester` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+  `semester` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `school_year` varchar(9) DEFAULT NULL
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
 SQL
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900017_create_classes_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900017_create_classes_table.php
index 74a9ebad..bacf6ac8 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900017_create_classes_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900017_create_classes_table.php
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ return new class extends Migration
 CREATE TABLE `classes` (
 `id` int UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
   `class_name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
-  `schedule` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
-  `capacity` int NOT NULL,
-  `semester` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
+  `schedule` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `capacity` int DEFAULT NULL,
+  `semester` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
   `school_year` varchar(9) DEFAULT NULL
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
 SQL
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900030_create_enrollments_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900030_create_enrollments_table.php
index f7c2e491..62df43f3 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900030_create_enrollments_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_02_23_900030_create_enrollments_table.php
@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ CREATE TABLE `enrollments` (
 `id` int UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
   `student_id` int UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
   `class_section_id` int UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL,
-  `parent_id` int UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-  `enrollment_date` date NOT NULL,
+  `parent_id` int UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL,
+  `enrollment_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
   `enrollment_status` enum('admission under review','payment pending','enrolled','withdraw under review','refund pending','withdrawn','waitlist','denied') COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'admission under review',
   `withdrawal_date` date DEFAULT NULL,
   `is_withdrawn` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
   `admission_status` enum('pending','accepted','denied') COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
   `semester` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
-  `school_year` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL,
+  `school_year` varchar(25) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
   `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
   `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_06_04_140000_add_strong_lifecycle_and_section_placement_tables.php b/database/migrations/2026_06_04_140000_add_strong_lifecycle_and_section_placement_tables.php
index c3717448..6f5fc8de 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_06_04_140000_add_strong_lifecycle_and_section_placement_tables.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_06_04_140000_add_strong_lifecycle_and_section_placement_tables.php
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ return new class extends Migration
             $exists = DB::table('configuration')->where('config_key', 'promotion.section_capacity')->exists();
             if (! $exists) {
                 DB::table('configuration')->insert([
+                    'id' => 10000,
                     'config_key' => 'promotion.section_capacity',
                     'config_value' => '20',
                 ]);
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_06_25_230000_add_legacy_ci_compatibility_columns.php b/database/migrations/2026_06_25_230000_add_legacy_ci_compatibility_columns.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b88389f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_06_25_230000_add_legacy_ci_compatibility_columns.php
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        $this->addColumns('classes', [
+            'created_at' => fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->timestamp('created_at')->nullable(),
+            'updated_at' => fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->addColumns('event_charges', [
+            'created_by' => fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->unsignedInteger('created_by')->nullable(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->addColumns('students', [
+            'created_at' => fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->timestamp('created_at')->nullable(),
+            'updated_at' => fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->timestamp('updated_at')->nullable(),
+            'badge_scan' => fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->string('badge_scan', 100)->nullable(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        $this->dropColumns('students', ['badge_scan', 'updated_at', 'created_at']);
+        $this->dropColumns('event_charges', ['created_by']);
+        $this->dropColumns('classes', ['updated_at', 'created_at']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<string, callable(Blueprint): void>  $columns
+     */
+    private function addColumns(string $table, array $columns): void
+    {
+        if (! Schema::hasTable($table)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $missing = array_filter(
+            array_keys($columns),
+            static fn (string $column): bool => ! Schema::hasColumn($table, $column)
+        );
+
+        if ($missing === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Schema::table($table, function (Blueprint $blueprint) use ($columns, $missing): void {
+            foreach ($missing as $column) {
+                $columns[$column]($blueprint);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  list<string>  $columns
+     */
+    private function dropColumns(string $table, array $columns): void
+    {
+        if (! Schema::hasTable($table)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $existing = array_filter(
+            $columns,
+            static fn (string $column): bool => Schema::hasColumn($table, $column)
+        );
+
+        if ($existing === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Schema::table($table, function (Blueprint $blueprint) use ($existing): void {
+            $blueprint->dropColumn($existing);
+        });
+    }
+};
diff --git a/storage/uploads/exams/drafts/exam_6a3db81c1ca1f6.25923479.docx b/storage/uploads/exams/drafts/exam_6a3db81c1ca1f6.25923479.docx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b