diff --git a/app/Models/NotificationModel.php b/app/Models/NotificationModel.php
index 9147488..180cbe8 100644
--- a/app/Models/NotificationModel.php
+++ b/app/Models/NotificationModel.php
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ class NotificationModel extends Model
         'attachment_path', 
         'expires_at',
         'sent_at',
-        'scheduled_at'
+        'scheduled_at',
+        'deleted_at'
     ];
     protected $useTimestamps = true;
     protected $createdField = 'created_at';
diff --git a/app/Models/SectionModel.php b/app/Models/SectionModel.php
index a35f624..ed232c7 100644
--- a/app/Models/SectionModel.php
+++ b/app/Models/SectionModel.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class SectionModel extends Model
         'updated_by'
     ];
 
-    protected $useTimestamps = true;
+    protected $useTimestamps = false;
     protected $createdField  = 'created_at';
     protected $updatedField  = 'updated_at';
 
diff --git a/tests/_support/DBReset.php b/tests/_support/DBReset.php
index 0a971f8..b680227 100644
--- a/tests/_support/DBReset.php
+++ b/tests/_support/DBReset.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class DBReset
 {
     private const DB_GROUP = 'tests';
 
-    protected static array $excludeTables = ['migrations'];
+    protected static array $excludeTables = ['migrations', 'school_years'];
 
     public static function resetDatabase(): void
     {
diff --git a/tests/_support/ModelCrudTestCase.php b/tests/_support/ModelCrudTestCase.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..812ec3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/_support/ModelCrudTestCase.php
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Tests\Support;
+
+use CodeIgniter\Model;
+use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Config\Database;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+abstract class ModelCrudTestCase extends CIUnitTestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        parent::setUp();
+        DBReset::resetDatabase();
+    }
+
+    protected function assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(string $modelClass): void
+    {
+        $model = $this->newModel($modelClass);
+        $record = $this->fakeModelRecord($model);
+        $id = $this->primaryKeyValue($record, $model->primaryKey);
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($id);
+
+        $fetched = $model->find($id);
+
+        $this->assertNotNull($fetched);
+        $this->assertEquals($id, $this->recordValue($fetched, $model->primaryKey));
+    }
+
+    protected function assertModelCanUpdate(string $modelClass): void
+    {
+        $model = $this->newModel($modelClass);
+        $record = $this->fakeModelRecord($model);
+        $id = $this->primaryKeyValue($record, $model->primaryKey);
+        $updateData = $this->updateData($model, $record);
+
+        $this->assertNotFalse($model->update($id, $updateData));
+    }
+
+    protected function assertModelCanDelete(string $modelClass): void
+    {
+        $model = $this->newModel($modelClass);
+        $record = $this->fakeModelRecord($model);
+        $id = $this->primaryKeyValue($record, $model->primaryKey);
+
+        $model->delete($id);
+
+        $this->assertNull($model->find($id));
+    }
+
+    protected function primaryKeyValue(array|object $record, string $primaryKey): int|string
+    {
+        return $this->recordValue($record, $primaryKey);
+    }
+
+    protected function validSchoolYear(): string
+    {
+        $row = Database::connect('tests')
+            ->table('school_years')
+            ->select('name')
+            ->orderBy('name', 'DESC')
+            ->get()
+            ->getRowArray();
+
+        if ($row === null) {
+            $year = $this->fallbackSchoolYear();
+            $db = Database::connect('tests');
+            $fields = $db->getFieldNames('school_years');
+            $data = [
+                'name' => $year,
+                'status' => 'active',
+            ];
+
+            foreach (['activated_at', 'created_at', 'updated_at'] as $field) {
+                if (in_array($field, $fields, true)) {
+                    $data[$field] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+                }
+            }
+
+            $db->table('school_years')->insert($data);
+
+            return $year;
+        }
+
+        return $row['name'];
+    }
+
+    protected function fakeModelRecord(Model $model): array|object
+    {
+        if (! Database::connect('tests')->tableExists($model->table)) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped(sprintf('Table %s is not present in the migrated test schema.', $model->table));
+        }
+
+        return fake($model, $this->fabricatorOverrides($model));
+    }
+
+    protected function fabricatorOverrides(Model $model): array
+    {
+        $overrides = [];
+
+        if (in_array('school_year', $model->allowedFields, true)) {
+            $overrides['school_year'] = $this->validSchoolYear();
+        }
+
+        foreach ($model->validationRules as $field => $rules) {
+            if (! in_array($field, $model->allowedFields, true)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $rules = is_array($rules) ? implode('|', $rules) : (string) $rules;
+
+            if (preg_match('/(?:^|\|)in_list\[([^\]]+)\]/', $rules, $matches) === 1) {
+                $overrides[$field] = explode(',', $matches[1])[0];
+            } elseif (str_contains($rules, 'valid_email')) {
+                $overrides[$field] = uniqid('model-test-', true) . '@example.test';
+            } elseif (str_contains($rules, 'decimal')) {
+                $overrides[$field] = '1.00';
+            } elseif (str_contains($rules, 'integer')) {
+                $overrides[$field] = 1;
+            } elseif (str_contains($rules, 'valid_date[Y-m-d H:i:s]')) {
+                $overrides[$field] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+            } elseif (str_contains($rules, 'valid_date')) {
+                $overrides[$field] = date('Y-m-d');
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach ($model->allowedFields as $field) {
+            if (array_key_exists($field, $overrides)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($field === 'email') {
+                $overrides[$field] = uniqid('model-test-', true) . '@example.test';
+            } elseif ($field === 'status') {
+                $overrides[$field] = 'Active';
+            } elseif (str_ends_with($field, '_id')) {
+                $overrides[$field] = 1;
+            } elseif (str_starts_with($field, 'is_') || str_starts_with($field, 'has_')) {
+                $overrides[$field] = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $overrides;
+    }
+
+    protected function recordValue(array|object $record, string $field): int|string|null
+    {
+        if (is_array($record)) {
+            return $record[$field] ?? null;
+        }
+
+        return $record->{$field} ?? null;
+    }
+
+    protected function updateData(Model $model, array|object $record): array
+    {
+        foreach ($model->allowedFields as $field) {
+            if ($field === $model->primaryKey) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $rules = $model->validationRules[$field] ?? '';
+            $rules = is_array($rules) ? implode('|', $rules) : (string) $rules;
+
+            if (str_contains($rules, 'is_unique')) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $value = $this->recordValue($record, $field);
+
+            if ($value !== null) {
+                return [$field => $value];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($model->useTimestamps && $model->updatedField !== '') {
+            return [$model->updatedField => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')];
+        }
+
+        throw new RuntimeException(sprintf('No updateable data is available for %s.', $model::class));
+    }
+
+    private function newModel(string $modelClass): Model
+    {
+        if (! class_exists($modelClass)) {
+            $this->markTestSkipped(sprintf('Model %s is not part of the application.', $modelClass));
+        }
+
+        $model = new $modelClass();
+
+        if (! $model instanceof Model) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(sprintf('%s is not a CodeIgniter model.', $modelClass));
+        }
+
+        return $model;
+    }
+
+    private function fallbackSchoolYear(): string
+    {
+        $year = (int) date('Y');
+
+        return ($year - 1) . '-' . $year;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/AttendanceRecordModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/AttendanceRecordModelTest.php
index 04bfbb7..db5f8c2 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/AttendanceRecordModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/AttendanceRecordModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\AttendanceRecordModel;
 
-class AttendanceRecordModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class AttendanceRecordModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(AttendanceRecordModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new AttendanceRecordModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(AttendanceRecordModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(AttendanceRecordModel::class);
-        $model = new AttendanceRecordModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(AttendanceRecordModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(AttendanceRecordModel::class);
-        $model = new AttendanceRecordModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(AttendanceRecordModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/AuthorizedUserModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/AuthorizedUserModelTest.php
index b2066bc..d41cad6 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/AuthorizedUserModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/AuthorizedUserModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\AuthorizedUserModel;
 
-class AuthorizedUserModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class AuthorizedUserModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(AuthorizedUserModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new AuthorizedUserModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(AuthorizedUserModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(AuthorizedUserModel::class);
-        $model = new AuthorizedUserModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(AuthorizedUserModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(AuthorizedUserModel::class);
-        $model = new AuthorizedUserModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(AuthorizedUserModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/CalendarModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/CalendarModelTest.php
index e6a632c..cdf1b57 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/CalendarModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/CalendarModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\CalendarModel;
 
-class CalendarModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class CalendarModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(CalendarModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new CalendarModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(CalendarModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(CalendarModel::class);
-        $model = new CalendarModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(CalendarModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(CalendarModel::class);
-        $model = new CalendarModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(CalendarModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ClassModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ClassModelTest.php
index 4a650fe..008436a 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ClassModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ClassModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ClassModel;
 
-class ClassModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ClassModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ClassModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ClassModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ClassModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ClassModel::class);
-        $model = new ClassModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ClassModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ClassModel::class);
-        $model = new ClassModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ClassModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ClassSectionModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ClassSectionModelTest.php
index 412e4cd..2c47098 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ClassSectionModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ClassSectionModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ClassSectionModel;
 
-class ClassSectionModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ClassSectionModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ClassSectionModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ClassSectionModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ClassSectionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ClassSectionModel::class);
-        $model = new ClassSectionModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ClassSectionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ClassSectionModel::class);
-        $model = new ClassSectionModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ClassSectionModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ConfigurationModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ConfigurationModelTest.php
index 1f8e3d0..62a90b4 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ConfigurationModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ConfigurationModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ConfigurationModel;
 
-class ConfigurationModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ConfigurationModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ConfigurationModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ConfigurationModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ConfigurationModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ConfigurationModel::class);
-        $model = new ConfigurationModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ConfigurationModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ConfigurationModel::class);
-        $model = new ConfigurationModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ConfigurationModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ContactUsModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ContactUsModelTest.php
index 8641c8f..f707e13 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ContactUsModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ContactUsModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ContactUsModel;
 
-class ContactUsModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ContactUsModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ContactUsModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ContactUsModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ContactUsModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ContactUsModel::class);
-        $model = new ContactUsModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ContactUsModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ContactUsModel::class);
-        $model = new ContactUsModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ContactUsModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/CurrentFlagModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/CurrentFlagModelTest.php
index 3cc58e9..71b3146 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/CurrentFlagModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/CurrentFlagModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\CurrentFlagModel;
 
-class CurrentFlagModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class CurrentFlagModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(CurrentFlagModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new CurrentFlagModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(CurrentFlagModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(CurrentFlagModel::class);
-        $model = new CurrentFlagModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(CurrentFlagModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(CurrentFlagModel::class);
-        $model = new CurrentFlagModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(CurrentFlagModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/EmergencyContactModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/EmergencyContactModelTest.php
index fcc0f9b..9f9381a 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/EmergencyContactModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/EmergencyContactModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\EmergencyContactModel;
 
-class EmergencyContactModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class EmergencyContactModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(EmergencyContactModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new EmergencyContactModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(EmergencyContactModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(EmergencyContactModel::class);
-        $model = new EmergencyContactModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(EmergencyContactModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(EmergencyContactModel::class);
-        $model = new EmergencyContactModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(EmergencyContactModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/EnrollmentModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/EnrollmentModelTest.php
index 2c8df96..4f5c664 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/EnrollmentModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/EnrollmentModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\EnrollmentModel;
 
-class EnrollmentModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class EnrollmentModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(EnrollmentModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new EnrollmentModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(EnrollmentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(EnrollmentModel::class);
-        $model = new EnrollmentModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(EnrollmentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(EnrollmentModel::class);
-        $model = new EnrollmentModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(EnrollmentModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/EventModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/EventModelTest.php
index 651c305..90ea4ca 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/EventModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/EventModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\EventModel;
 
-class EventModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class EventModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(EventModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new EventModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(EventModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(EventModel::class);
-        $model = new EventModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(EventModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(EventModel::class);
-        $model = new EventModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(EventModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ExamModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ExamModelTest.php
index 1a18d17..379cf00 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ExamModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ExamModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ExamModel;
 
-class ExamModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ExamModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ExamModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ExamModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ExamModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ExamModel::class);
-        $model = new ExamModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ExamModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ExamModel::class);
-        $model = new ExamModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ExamModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/FinalExamModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/FinalExamModelTest.php
index eb666b3..25128e5 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/FinalExamModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/FinalExamModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\FinalExamModel;
 
-class FinalExamModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class FinalExamModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(FinalExamModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new FinalExamModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(FinalExamModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(FinalExamModel::class);
-        $model = new FinalExamModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(FinalExamModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(FinalExamModel::class);
-        $model = new FinalExamModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(FinalExamModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/FinalScoreModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/FinalScoreModelTest.php
index 8b451bf..cf86e64 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/FinalScoreModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/FinalScoreModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\FinalScoreModel;
 
-class FinalScoreModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class FinalScoreModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(FinalScoreModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new FinalScoreModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(FinalScoreModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(FinalScoreModel::class);
-        $model = new FinalScoreModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(FinalScoreModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(FinalScoreModel::class);
-        $model = new FinalScoreModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(FinalScoreModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/FlagModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/FlagModelTest.php
index 0158723..3c7f361 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/FlagModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/FlagModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\FlagModel;
 
-class FlagModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class FlagModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(FlagModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new FlagModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(FlagModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(FlagModel::class);
-        $model = new FlagModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(FlagModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(FlagModel::class);
-        $model = new FlagModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(FlagModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/HomeworkModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/HomeworkModelTest.php
index c382b03..62ba28d 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/HomeworkModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/HomeworkModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\HomeworkModel;
 
-class HomeworkModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class HomeworkModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(HomeworkModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new HomeworkModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(HomeworkModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(HomeworkModel::class);
-        $model = new HomeworkModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(HomeworkModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(HomeworkModel::class);
-        $model = new HomeworkModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(HomeworkModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/InvoiceModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/InvoiceModelTest.php
index f338a53..dc17f2d 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/InvoiceModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/InvoiceModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\InvoiceModel;
 
-class InvoiceModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class InvoiceModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(InvoiceModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new InvoiceModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(InvoiceModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(InvoiceModel::class);
-        $model = new InvoiceModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(InvoiceModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(InvoiceModel::class);
-        $model = new InvoiceModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(InvoiceModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/InvoiceStudentListModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/InvoiceStudentListModelTest.php
index cba76b5..0339210 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/InvoiceStudentListModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/InvoiceStudentListModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\InvoiceStudentListModel;
 
-class InvoiceStudentListModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class InvoiceStudentListModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(InvoiceStudentListModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new InvoiceStudentListModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(InvoiceStudentListModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(InvoiceStudentListModel::class);
-        $model = new InvoiceStudentListModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(InvoiceStudentListModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(InvoiceStudentListModel::class);
-        $model = new InvoiceStudentListModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(InvoiceStudentListModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/LoginActivityModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/LoginActivityModelTest.php
index 7d0dfc3..e2a16c9 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/LoginActivityModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/LoginActivityModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\LoginActivityModel;
 
-class LoginActivityModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class LoginActivityModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(LoginActivityModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new LoginActivityModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(LoginActivityModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(LoginActivityModel::class);
-        $model = new LoginActivityModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(LoginActivityModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(LoginActivityModel::class);
-        $model = new LoginActivityModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(LoginActivityModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/MessageModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/MessageModelTest.php
index 0a539a0..fb18ee0 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/MessageModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/MessageModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\MessageModel;
 
-class MessageModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class MessageModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(MessageModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new MessageModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(MessageModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(MessageModel::class);
-        $model = new MessageModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(MessageModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(MessageModel::class);
-        $model = new MessageModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(MessageModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/MidtermExamModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/MidtermExamModelTest.php
index 9702b49..79f52d9 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/MidtermExamModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/MidtermExamModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\MidtermExamModel;
 
-class MidtermExamModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class MidtermExamModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(MidtermExamModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new MidtermExamModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(MidtermExamModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(MidtermExamModel::class);
-        $model = new MidtermExamModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(MidtermExamModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(MidtermExamModel::class);
-        $model = new MidtermExamModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(MidtermExamModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ParentModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ParentModelTest.php
index b55b96d..ee3c3f4 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ParentModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ParentModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ParentModel;
 
-class ParentModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ParentModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ParentModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ParentModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ParentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ParentModel::class);
-        $model = new ParentModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ParentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ParentModel::class);
-        $model = new ParentModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ParentModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ParticipationModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ParticipationModelTest.php
index e3ce92f..1003379 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ParticipationModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ParticipationModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ParticipationModel;
 
-class ParticipationModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ParticipationModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ParticipationModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ParticipationModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ParticipationModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ParticipationModel::class);
-        $model = new ParticipationModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ParticipationModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ParticipationModel::class);
-        $model = new ParticipationModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ParticipationModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/PasswordResetModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/PasswordResetModelTest.php
index 3dedf02..4d444f2 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/PasswordResetModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/PasswordResetModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\PasswordResetModel;
 
-class PasswordResetModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class PasswordResetModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(PasswordResetModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new PasswordResetModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(PasswordResetModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(PasswordResetModel::class);
-        $model = new PasswordResetModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(PasswordResetModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(PasswordResetModel::class);
-        $model = new PasswordResetModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(PasswordResetModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/PaymentModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/PaymentModelTest.php
index b1259bc..176890a 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/PaymentModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/PaymentModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\PaymentModel;
 
-class PaymentModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class PaymentModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(PaymentModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new PaymentModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(PaymentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(PaymentModel::class);
-        $model = new PaymentModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(PaymentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(PaymentModel::class);
-        $model = new PaymentModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(PaymentModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/PaymentTransactionModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/PaymentTransactionModelTest.php
index 4b789b0..e6a1a77 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/PaymentTransactionModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/PaymentTransactionModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\PaymentTransactionModel;
 
-class PaymentTransactionModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class PaymentTransactionModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(PaymentTransactionModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new PaymentTransactionModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(PaymentTransactionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(PaymentTransactionModel::class);
-        $model = new PaymentTransactionModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(PaymentTransactionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(PaymentTransactionModel::class);
-        $model = new PaymentTransactionModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(PaymentTransactionModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/PermissionModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/PermissionModelTest.php
index 49988e7..833df4e 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/PermissionModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/PermissionModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\PermissionModel;
 
-class PermissionModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class PermissionModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(PermissionModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new PermissionModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(PermissionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(PermissionModel::class);
-        $model = new PermissionModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(PermissionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(PermissionModel::class);
-        $model = new PermissionModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(PermissionModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/PreferencesModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/PreferencesModelTest.php
index 781efcc..9afc823 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/PreferencesModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/PreferencesModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\PreferencesModel;
 
-class PreferencesModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class PreferencesModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(PreferencesModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new PreferencesModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(PreferencesModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(PreferencesModel::class);
-        $model = new PreferencesModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(PreferencesModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(PreferencesModel::class);
-        $model = new PreferencesModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(PreferencesModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ProjectModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ProjectModelTest.php
index 74d411c..1d7db65 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ProjectModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ProjectModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ProjectModel;
 
-class ProjectModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ProjectModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ProjectModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ProjectModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ProjectModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ProjectModel::class);
-        $model = new ProjectModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ProjectModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ProjectModel::class);
-        $model = new ProjectModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ProjectModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/QuizModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/QuizModelTest.php
index b5f8544..6a35512 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/QuizModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/QuizModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\QuizModel;
 
-class QuizModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class QuizModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(QuizModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new QuizModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(QuizModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(QuizModel::class);
-        $model = new QuizModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(QuizModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(QuizModel::class);
-        $model = new QuizModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(QuizModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/RoleModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/RoleModelTest.php
index 2ee9fbd..e0a9190 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/RoleModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/RoleModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\RoleModel;
 
-class RoleModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class RoleModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(RoleModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new RoleModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(RoleModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(RoleModel::class);
-        $model = new RoleModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(RoleModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(RoleModel::class);
-        $model = new RoleModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(RoleModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/RolePermissionModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/RolePermissionModelTest.php
index 70e8d27..3ebcbe6 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/RolePermissionModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/RolePermissionModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\RolePermissionModel;
 
-class RolePermissionModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class RolePermissionModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(RolePermissionModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new RolePermissionModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(RolePermissionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(RolePermissionModel::class);
-        $model = new RolePermissionModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(RolePermissionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(RolePermissionModel::class);
-        $model = new RolePermissionModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(RolePermissionModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/ScoreModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/ScoreModelTest.php
index fbc42d6..763ff62 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/ScoreModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/ScoreModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\ScoreModel;
 
-class ScoreModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class ScoreModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(ScoreModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new ScoreModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(ScoreModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(ScoreModel::class);
-        $model = new ScoreModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(ScoreModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(ScoreModel::class);
-        $model = new ScoreModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(ScoreModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/SectionModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/SectionModelTest.php
index 21fbb35..89b02db 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/SectionModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/SectionModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\SectionModel;
 
-class SectionModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class SectionModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(SectionModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new SectionModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(SectionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(SectionModel::class);
-        $model = new SectionModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(SectionModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(SectionModel::class);
-        $model = new SectionModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(SectionModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/SemesterScoreModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/SemesterScoreModelTest.php
index 3d4c903..f65f778 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/SemesterScoreModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/SemesterScoreModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\SemesterScoreModel;
 
-class SemesterScoreModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class SemesterScoreModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(SemesterScoreModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new SemesterScoreModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(SemesterScoreModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(SemesterScoreModel::class);
-        $model = new SemesterScoreModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(SemesterScoreModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(SemesterScoreModel::class);
-        $model = new SemesterScoreModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(SemesterScoreModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/SettingsModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/SettingsModelTest.php
index 193de2f..1a1c836 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/SettingsModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/SettingsModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\SettingsModel;
 
-class SettingsModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class SettingsModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(SettingsModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new SettingsModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(SettingsModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(SettingsModel::class);
-        $model = new SettingsModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(SettingsModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(SettingsModel::class);
-        $model = new SettingsModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(SettingsModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/StatsModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/StatsModelTest.php
index f385a03..398b2c0 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/StatsModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/StatsModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\StatsModel;
 
-class StatsModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class StatsModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(StatsModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new StatsModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(StatsModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(StatsModel::class);
-        $model = new StatsModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(StatsModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(StatsModel::class);
-        $model = new StatsModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(StatsModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/StudentClassModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/StudentClassModelTest.php
index baa8ab4..1a34f63 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/StudentClassModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/StudentClassModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\StudentClassModel;
 
-class StudentClassModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class StudentClassModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(StudentClassModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new StudentClassModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(StudentClassModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(StudentClassModel::class);
-        $model = new StudentClassModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(StudentClassModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(StudentClassModel::class);
-        $model = new StudentClassModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(StudentClassModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/StudentModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/StudentModelTest.php
index be3af7a..28e0e33 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/StudentModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/StudentModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\StudentModel;
 
-class StudentModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class StudentModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(StudentModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new StudentModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(StudentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(StudentModel::class);
-        $model = new StudentModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(StudentModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(StudentModel::class);
-        $model = new StudentModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(StudentModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/SupportRequestModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/SupportRequestModelTest.php
index 959d7e8..d18f8d7 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/SupportRequestModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/SupportRequestModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\SupportRequestModel;
 
-class SupportRequestModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class SupportRequestModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(SupportRequestModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new SupportRequestModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(SupportRequestModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(SupportRequestModel::class);
-        $model = new SupportRequestModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(SupportRequestModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(SupportRequestModel::class);
-        $model = new SupportRequestModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(SupportRequestModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/TeacherClassModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/TeacherClassModelTest.php
index ed23924..8ed8a5f 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/TeacherClassModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/TeacherClassModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\TeacherClassModel;
 
-class TeacherClassModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class TeacherClassModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(TeacherClassModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new TeacherClassModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(TeacherClassModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(TeacherClassModel::class);
-        $model = new TeacherClassModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(TeacherClassModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(TeacherClassModel::class);
-        $model = new TeacherClassModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(TeacherClassModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/TeacherModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/TeacherModelTest.php
index 727ccc6..d71df02 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/TeacherModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/TeacherModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\TeacherModel;
 
-class TeacherModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class TeacherModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(TeacherModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new TeacherModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(TeacherModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(TeacherModel::class);
-        $model = new TeacherModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(TeacherModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(TeacherModel::class);
-        $model = new TeacherModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(TeacherModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/UserModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/UserModelTest.php
index 7a32e9f..1e478f7 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/UserModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/UserModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\UserModel;
 
-class UserModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class UserModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new UserModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(UserModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserModel::class);
-        $model = new UserModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(UserModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserModel::class);
-        $model = new UserModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(UserModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/UserNotificationModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/UserNotificationModelTest.php
index 91f2101..c4f1a05 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/UserNotificationModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/UserNotificationModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\UserNotificationModel;
 
-class UserNotificationModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class UserNotificationModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserNotificationModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new UserNotificationModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(UserNotificationModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserNotificationModel::class);
-        $model = new UserNotificationModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(UserNotificationModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserNotificationModel::class);
-        $model = new UserNotificationModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(UserNotificationModel::class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/app/Models/UserRoleModelTest.php b/tests/app/Models/UserRoleModelTest.php
index c9771b3..7540176 100644
--- a/tests/app/Models/UserRoleModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/app/Models/UserRoleModelTest.php
@@ -2,39 +2,24 @@
 
 namespace Tests\App\Models;
 
-use Tests\Support\DBReset;
-use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+use Tests\Support\ModelCrudTestCase;
 use App\Models\UserRoleModel;
 
-class UserRoleModelTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+class UserRoleModelTest extends ModelCrudTestCase
 {
-    protected function setUp(): void
-    {
-        parent::setUp();
-        DBReset::resetDatabase();
-    }
 
     public function testCanInsertAndRetrieve()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserRoleModel::class);
-        $this->assertNotNull($record->id);
-        $fetched = (new UserRoleModel())->find($record->id);
-        $this->assertEquals($record->id, $fetched->id);
+        $this->assertModelCanInsertAndRetrieve(UserRoleModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanUpdate()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserRoleModel::class);
-        $model = new UserRoleModel();
-        $model->update($record->id, ['updated_at' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')]);
-        $this->assertTrue(true); // simple test to verify no exception thrown
+        $this->assertModelCanUpdate(UserRoleModel::class);
     }
 
     public function testCanDelete()
     {
-        $record = fake(UserRoleModel::class);
-        $model = new UserRoleModel();
-        $model->delete($record->id);
-        $this->assertNull($model->find($record->id));
+        $this->assertModelCanDelete(UserRoleModel::class);
     }
 }