Fix semester context, attendance rosters, and billing workflows

- load global semester helpers consistently and use date-based semester defaults
- fix grading and daily attendance duplicate student/section rows
- keep attendance violations scoped to the current semester by default
- update invoice, refund, discount, payment, and financial aid flows
- add configuration cleanup migrations for duplicate calendar/semester keys
- refresh parent registration/report-card and print request handling
- update related models, services, views, cron notes, and test coverage

tests/app/Controllers/View/ExpenseControllerTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace {
+    if (!function_exists('site_url')) {
+        function site_url($uri = '')
+        {
+            return 'https://test.alrahmaisgl.org/' . ltrim((string) $uri, '/');
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!function_exists('view')) {
+        function view($name, $data = [], $options = [])
+        {
+            return ['view' => $name, 'data' => $data, 'options' => $options];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace Tests\App\Controllers\View {
+
+    use App\Controllers\View\ExpenseController;
+    use CodeIgniter\Test\CIUnitTestCase;
+    use Config\Services;
+
+    class TestableExpenseController extends ExpenseController
+    {
+        public function __construct()
+        {
+            // Skip the real constructor so tests can inject fakes.
+        }
+
+        public function setExpenseModel(object $model): self
+        {
+            $this->expenseModel = $model;
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        public function setConfigModel(object $model): self
+        {
+            $this->configModel = $model;
+            return $this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ExpenseIndexFakeModel
+    {
+        public array $whereCalls = [];
+
+        public function select(string $select): self
+        {
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        public function join(string $table, string $condition, string $type = ''): self
+        {
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        public function where(string $field, mixed $value): self
+        {
+            $this->whereCalls[] = [$field, $value];
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        public function orderBy(string $field, string $direction = ''): self
+        {
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        public function findAll(): array
+        {
+            return [
+                [
+                    'id' => 10,
+                    'category' => 'Expense',
+                    'amount' => '12.50',
+                    'receipt_path' => 'receipt.pdf',
+                    'school_year' => '2025-2026',
+                ],
+            ];
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ExpenseIndexFakeConfig
+    {
+        public function getConfig(string $key): ?string
+        {
+            return $key === 'school_year' ? '2025-2026' : null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ExpenseFakeRenderer
+    {
+        private array $data = [];
+        private array $lastRender = [];
+
+        public function setData(?array $data = null): self
+        {
+            $this->data = $data ?? [];
+            return $this;
+        }
+
+        public function render(string $view, array $data = [], $options = null)
+        {
+            $this->lastRender = [
+                'view' => $view,
+                'data' => $data ?: $this->data,
+                'options' => $options,
+            ];
+
+            return 'fake-rendered:' . $view;
+        }
+
+        public function getLastRender(): array
+        {
+            return $this->lastRender;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ExpenseControllerTest extends CIUnitTestCase
+    {
+        protected function tearDown(): void
+        {
+            Services::resetSingle('renderer');
+            parent::tearDown();
+        }
+
+        public function testIndexScopesExpensesToActiveConfiguredSchoolYear(): void
+        {
+            $expenseModel = new ExpenseIndexFakeModel();
+            $renderer = new ExpenseFakeRenderer();
+            Services::injectMock('renderer', $renderer);
+
+            $controller = (new TestableExpenseController())
+                ->setExpenseModel($expenseModel)
+                ->setConfigModel(new ExpenseIndexFakeConfig());
+
+            $result = $controller->index();
+            $this->assertSame('fake-rendered:expenses/index', $result);
+            $rendered = $renderer->getLastRender();
+
+            $this->assertSame('expenses/index', $rendered['view']);
+            $this->assertSame('2025-2026', $rendered['data']['schoolYear']);
+            $this->assertSame([
+                ['expenses.school_year', '2025-2026'],
+            ], $expenseModel->whereCalls);
+            $this->assertSame(
+                site_url('receipts/receipt.pdf'),
+                $rendered['data']['expenses'][0]['receipt_url']
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}