Fix semester context, attendance rosters, and billing workflows

- load global semester helpers consistently and use date-based semester defaults
- fix grading and daily attendance duplicate student/section rows
- keep attendance violations scoped to the current semester by default
- update invoice, refund, discount, payment, and financial aid flows
- add configuration cleanup migrations for duplicate calendar/semester keys
- refresh parent registration/report-card and print request handling
- update related models, services, views, cron notes, and test coverage

app/Controllers/View/AttendanceTrackingController.php

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class AttendanceTrackingController extends BaseController
         $this->db                      = \Config\Database::connect();
         $this->notificationModel       = new ParentNotificationModel();
         $this->attendanceEmailTemplateModel = new AttendanceEmailTemplateModel();
-        $this->semester   = (string) $this->configModel->getConfig('semester');
+        $this->semester   = (string) getSemester();
         $this->schoolYear = (string) $this->configModel->getConfig('school_year');
     }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ class AttendanceTrackingController extends BaseController
         $syParam = $this->request->getGet('school_year');
         $semParam = $this->request->getGet('semester');
         $schoolYear = (is_string($syParam) && $syParam !== '') ? (string)$syParam : (string)$this->schoolYear;
-        $semester   = (is_string($semParam) && $semParam !== '') ? (string)$semParam : null; // semester filter disabled
+        $semester   = (is_string($semParam) && $semParam !== '') ? (string)$semParam : (string)$this->semester;
+        $semesterWasRequested = is_string($semParam) && $semParam !== '';
 
         $debugInfo = [
             'school_year_param' => $schoolYear,
@@ -325,7 +326,8 @@ class AttendanceTrackingController extends BaseController
                 'semester'    => $semester,
                 'student_ids' => $studentIds,
             ]);
-            // Second chance: detect the latest attendance_data term for these students
+            // Second chance: detect the latest attendance_data term only when the user has not
+            // requested a semester and the date-based current semester is unavailable.
             $latestAttendanceTerm = $this->db->table('attendance_data')
                 ->select('school_year, semester, date')
                 ->whereIn('student_id', $studentIds)
@@ -334,7 +336,7 @@ class AttendanceTrackingController extends BaseController
                 ->get()
                 ->getRowArray();
 
-            if ($latestAttendanceTerm) {
+            if ($latestAttendanceTerm && !$semesterWasRequested && trim($semester) === '') {
                 $schoolYear = !empty($latestAttendanceTerm['school_year'])
                     ? (string)$latestAttendanceTerm['school_year']
                     : $schoolYear;
@@ -2140,7 +2142,7 @@ class AttendanceTrackingController extends BaseController
     $wrapped = $this->renderWithEmailLayout($subject, $safeHtmlBody);
 
     // Resolve term (prefer controller properties if set)
-    $semester   = $this->semester   ?? (new \App\Models\ConfigurationModel())->getConfig('semester');
+    $semester   = $this->semester   ?? getSemester();
     $schoolYear = $this->schoolYear ?? (new \App\Models\ConfigurationModel())->getConfig('school_year');
 
     try {